Sign ONE (Society "Down with illiteracy" 1917 – 1927 gg)

The original sign of archaeological origin in a satisfactory condition. Tin, paint residues. The fixing system is lost. The sign is in the form of a five-pointed star imposed on her and an open book. On one page of the open book profile of the red of the liquidator illiteracy — V. I. Lenin, on the other the text "Down with illiteracy 10 years of October". The guarantee of authenticity.

ODN existed from September 2, 1923 to February 27, 1936. The Communist Party attached great importance to this organization. Among the first 93 members of the society were V.I. Lenin, M.I. Kalinin, N.K. Krupskaya, N.I. Podvoysky, A.V. Lunacharsky, M.N. Pokrovsky, A.S. Bubnov. As the permanent chairman of the Central Board, such societies existed in Georgia "Tsera Kitkhva", in Ukraine "Geth nepismenist" and in other union republics. ODN has released many badges, and most of them depict the image of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, the "Red Liquidator of Illiteracy." This title was awarded to Ilyich at the II All-Russian Congress on the Elimination of Illiteracy, held on May 20-24, 1923. At this congress, a resolution was adopted on the elimination of illiteracy among the population of the USSR aged 18 to 25 years by the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution. One of the points of the resolution states that, first of all, illiteracy should be eliminated among party members, Komsomol, delegates of women's departments, members of councils, members of trade unions and pre-conscripts. The call to eliminate illiteracy by the 10th anniversary of October was vividly reflected in the badges issued by ODN. All the icons are very expressive, although outwardly simple. The front side of the drawing is not overloaded with details. The image is compositionally interconnected and subordinated to one clearly defined goal. Take, for example, the badge of a member of the society. In the center is a circle in the form of a toothed gear, the silhouette profile of V. I. Lenin. The lower part of the icon is truncated and represents an open book with the text "ONE" on the leaves. In a circle, the call is "For socialist culture." As you can see, the icon is really simple. It consists of only three parts: a portrait of the leader of the revolution, a gear and an open book. Each of these parts carries its own semantic load: the gear symbolizes work, the book symbolizes knowledge, the profile of Vladimir Ilyich reminds of his testament — "to learn, to learn, to learn." The slogan-appeal "For socialist culture" fully meets the objectives of a voluntary society engaged in the elimination of illiteracy. The icons of the society vividly illustrate the task of eliminating illiteracy in the country by October 1927. About ten names of badges are known, on which portraits of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and an open book are used in various versions. The dates "1917-1927" that have been found on the badges up to now corresponded to the tasks of eliminating illiteracy by the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution, i.e. by 1927, an icon with the date "1919-1927" is known, which does not contradict this basic slogan, but only reflects the history of the fight against illiteracy in our country. The fact is that the beginning of the mass attack on illiteracy was laid by the government decree "On the elimination of illiteracy among the population of the RSFSR." This decree was signed by V. I. Lenin on December 26, 1919, and published in the press on December 30. It was based on Lenin's ideas of mobilizing all literate people to fight illiteracy. The date on the icon is associated with this Lenin decree. A few words about the time of release of the considered badges and the use of Lenin portraits on the badges of ONE. Firstly, the society, created on Ilyich's personal initiative, wanted to remind as expressively as possible of the leader's covenant — to eliminate illiteracy. Secondly, all badges were issued in 1924, immediately after the death of the beloved leader. Some of the badges were released in July 1924 during the work of the III All-Union Congress on the Elimination of Illiteracy, the other part was released in the autumn of the same year, when the fifth anniversary of Lenin's decree on the elimination of illiteracy was widely celebrated in the country. The mass production of ODN badges was carried out one more time — in late 1928 — early 1929. At this time, the All-Union Cultural Campaign for the Elimination of Illiteracy was born and received its powerful development. The initiator of this movement was the Komsomol. A modest icon has been preserved as a memory of this campaign: a blue circle and a red flag inscribed in it with the inscription: "Cultural campaign against illiteracy", below the text "ODN". In the early thirties, as illiteracy among the population was eliminated, the society curtailed its activities, modifying its original functions. On February 27, 1936, Pravda published a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) and the Council of People's Commissars "On work on the education of the literate and illiterate. It noted successes in eliminating mass illiteracy and low literacy. Sections were established at city, district and village councils to direct the work of educational centers and schools for the illiterate. It went on to say that ODN had basically completed its tasks. Therefore, the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) and the government found it possible to dissolve the society, instructing the named sections under the local Councils to complete the work on the educational program.